Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a serious condition caused by women drinking alcohol during pregnancy. Alcohol is harmful to the developing baby, especially to the brain, which can lead to permanent damage.
The most severe form of this disorder is Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). Children with FAS are often smaller than their peers and face learning disabilities and difficulties in relationships.
Sadly, this condition lasts a lifetime, but it is completely preventable if women avoid alcohol throughout their pregnancies, according to the National Department of Health.
In South Africa, particularly in the Northern Cape, the rates of FASD are alarming. It has one of the highest reported prevalence rates in the world. In De Aar, for example, the FASD prevalence rate was once 120 out of every 1,000 births (12%).
However, thanks to the Foundation for Alcohol-Related Research's comprehensive prevention program since 2002, this rate has dropped by 30%. This decrease marked the first reported decline in the prevalence of FASD in the community globally.
It’s important to note that there is no "safe time" to consume alcohol during pregnancy. Alcohol can harm the developing foetus at any stage, starting from the third week when the foetal brain begins to develop.
FASD encompasses a range of disorders that can lead to behavioural, cognitive, and physical disabilities, as well as birth defects. While the effects of FASD are lifelong, they are entirely preventable.
On International FASD Day, celebrated on September 9, advocates emphasised the need to spread this awareness. They remind everyone that "no amount of alcohol is safe at any time during pregnancy."
South Africa faces a significant challenge with FASD, which is estimated to impact 11% of the population nationally, with some areas reporting rates as high as 31%. This highlights the urgent need for education, intervention, and community support.
Mokebe Thulo, CEO of AWARE.org, called on all South Africans to join efforts to prevent FASD.
“This year, we encourage everyone to take a moment to learn about FASD, share this important information, support affected communities, and promote responsible behaviour,” Thulo stated.
“FASD is 100% preventable, yet it continues to affect thousands each year. Through our campaign, we aim to foster meaningful conversations and actions that will reduce this condition and support healthier pregnancies.”
In line with this mission, AWARE.org and FARR launched a campaign called "Reveal the Truth." This initiative takes advantage of the growing trend of gender reveal parties to emphasise the importance of an alcohol-free pregnancy.
Recently, hand-baked gender reveal cakes have taken a unique twist. When cut, these cakes reveal not only the traditional baby blue or pink colours but also a surprising mustard-coloured layer.
This unexpected colour symbolises a critical message: 11% of births in South Africa are affected by Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD).
Thulo, CEO of AWARE.org, explained that the initiative aims to encourage expecting parents to think about their alcohol choices and consider the overall well-being of themselves and their babies.
“While it’s never too late to make better decisions, it’s essential to understand that any alcohol exposure during pregnancy can have irreversible effects on the foetus,” Thulo said.
The "Reveal the Truth" campaign seeks to transform the joyful tradition of gender reveal parties into a platform for raising awareness about FASD. The tagline emphasises the importance of informing and educating the public about the realities of this condition.
In addition to this campaign, AWARE.org, in partnership with the Foundation for Alcohol-Related Research (FARR), operates four community programs in the Western, Eastern Cape, and Free State Provinces.
These initiatives provide targeted support to pregnant women, raises awareness about the risks of alcohol use during pregnancy and offers resources to help women make informed choices.
Dr Leana Olivier, CEO of FARR, highlighted the broader implications of FASD. “It is not just a medical issue; it affects the entire community and requires a collaborative approach,” she said.
“By working with AWARE.org and other partners, we can better support at-risk communities and promote healthier lifestyles. This FASD Awareness Month, we ask everyone to share information about the dangers of alcohol use during pregnancy and support efforts to eliminate FASD.”
Throughout September, AWARE.org and FARR plan to share educational content, real-life stories, and expert insights to help South Africans understand FASD and its impact.
Everyone can contribute by sharing information, participating in community discussions, and advocating for alcohol-free pregnancies. Together, we can make a difference in the fight against FASD.